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Flight operations in Class A airspace must be conducted under instrument flight rules (IFR).
All aircraft operating in Class A airspace must be equipped with an ATC transponder and altitude reporting equipment.
You must receive an ATC clearance before operating an airplane in Class B airspace.
To take off or land at an airport within Class B airspace or to operate an airplane within Class B airspace, the pilot in command must hold at least a private pilot certificate.
A student pilot or a recreational pilot may fly solo in Class B airspace only if the pilot has met the requirements listed in FAR 61.95.
To operate in Class B airspace, the airplane must be equipped with an operating ATC (4096 code or Mode S) transponder and automatic altitude reporting equipment (Mode C).
The maximum indicated speed authorized when operating an airplane in the airspace underlying Class B airspace is 200 kt.
Unless otherwise authorized or required by ATC, the maximum indicated airspeed permitted when at or below 2,500 ft. AGL within 4 NM of the primary airport of a Class C or Class D airspace is 200 kt.
If the minimum safe airspeed for any particular operation is greater than the maximum airspeed prescribed in FAR Part 91, the airplane may be operated at that speed.
In such cases, you are expected to advise ATC of the airspeed that will be used.
To operate in Class C airspace, an airplane must be equipped with an ATC transponder and automatic altitude reporting capability (Mode C).
Prior to entering Class C airspace, you must establish and maintain communications with the ATC facility providing air traffic services.
The flight requirements to operate under special VFR in Class D airspace are
Remain clear of clouds, and
Have flight visibility of at least 1 SM, if ground visibility is not reported.
Flight under special VFR clearance at night is permitted only if the pilot is instrument rated and the airplane is equipped for instrument flight.
To take off or land under special VFR requires ground visibility of at least 1 SM.
If ground visibility is not reported, flight visibility during landing or takeoff must be at least 1 SM.
When a part-time control tower at the primary airport in Class D airspace is not in operation, the airspace at the surface becomes either Class E, if weather reporting is available, or Class G.
When approaching to land at an airport in Class D airspace, you must establish communications with ATC prior to entering Class D airspace (which extends up to and includes 2,500 ft. AGL and has its lateral dimensions, such as 4 NM, set by local needs).
When operating in the vicinity of an airport with an operating control tower in Class E airspace, you must establish communications prior to 4 NM from the airport, up to and including 2,500 ft. AGL.
When approaching to land at an airport without an operating control tower in Class G airspace, you should make all turns to the left, unless otherwise indicated.
The Federal airways are Class E airspace areas. Unless otherwise specified, they extend upward from 1,200 ft. AGL to, but not including, 18,000 ft. MSL.